President Rutherford B. Hayes
He was the 19th president of the United States.
Term: 1877 - 1881.
He began dismantling the Reconstruction regime imposed on the defeated Southern states as
a condition of the back-room dealings that led to his election.
He negotiated a trade agreement with the Chinese that would regulate immigration to the US.
He led reforms of American Indian policy that included assimilation into white culture,
educational training, and dividing Indian land into individual allotments.
President James A. Garfield:
He was the 20th president of the United States.
Term: 1881.
He was a member of the Republican Party.
Garfield served in office for less than a year and was assassinated while president.
Garfield set out to reform the "spoils system" by which politicians gave their friends low-leve
political offices.
President Chester A. Arthur:
He was the 21st president of the United States.
Term: 1881 - 1885.
He was a member of the Republican Party.
He helped creating the civil service.
As a lawyer, Arthur defended a black woman who had been abused on a streetcar. He won the case,
which led the streetcar companies to integrate.